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Preface

Part 1 Introduction and TCP/IP

Chapter 1. Introducti

N_Chapter 2 The Transport Layer: TCP and UDP

Part 2 Elementary Sockets

Chapter 3 Sockets Introducti

N_Chapter 4 Elementary TCP Sockets

Chapter5 TCP Client-Server Example

……

Part 3 Advanced Sockets

Chapter 10 Ipv4 and Ipv6 Interoperability

Chapter 11 Advanced Name and Address Conversions

Chapter 12 Daemon Processes and inetd Superserver

……

Part 4 XTL:X/Open Transport Interface

Chapter 28 XTI: TCP Clients

……

Bibliography

Index

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There are two reasons for the TIME_WAIT state:

1. To implement TCP's full-duplex connection termination reliably.

2. To allow old duplicate segments to expire in the network.

既然发生错误时终止程序的运行是普遍的情况,我们可以定义包裹函数(wrapper function)来简化我们的程序。包裹函数调用实际函数,检查返回值,并在发生错误时终止进程。

int

Socket(int family, int type, int protocol)

{

int n;

if ( (n = socket(family, type, protocol)) < 0)

err_sys("socket error");

return(n);

}

even though addr is a char*, you actually want to pass in a pointer to a struct in_addr.

If we refer to a service by its name in our code, instead of by its port number, and if the mapping from the name to port number is contained in a file (normally /etc/services), then if the port number changes, all we need to modify is one line in the /etc/services file instead of having to recompile the applications. The next function, getservbyname, looks up a service given its name.

如果有多个客户连接同时到达，系统内核在最大数目的限制下把它们排入队列，然后每次返回一个给accept函数

网际协议簇，在TCP与UDP之间留有一个间隙，指出应用程序可以绕过传输层而直接使用IPv4或Ipv6，称为raw socket

编辑推荐

本书是一本利用应用编程接口编写法对计算机网络进行通信的网络编程的教程，所用的API有两类：基于Berkeley UNIX操作系统的“Berkeley”套接字和基于AT＆T开发的X Open传输接口XTI。

书籍介绍